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The Rites of Hajj 2023
- INTRODUCTION
- PART ONE ḤAJJAT UL-ISLAM AND HAJJ ON BEHALF
- PART TWO RITES OF ‘UMRAH
- Chapter one Places (Mīqāts) of iḥrām
- Chapter two iḥrām
- 1) OBLIGATIONS OF IḤRĀM
- 2) The mustaḥabb acts of iḥrām
2) The mustaḥabb acts of iḥrām
Issue 157: It is recommended that body is pure before wearing iḥrām, the extra hair of body is removed and nails are cut off. Brushing teeth is also recommended before wearing iḥrām.
It is also mustaḥabb to take ghusl before entering in the state of iḥrām at mīqāt. It is said that on cautionary basis this ghusl should not be neglected. Furthermore, it is recommended that one wears iḥrām after an obligatory noon-prayer or after any obligatory prayer or after offering a two-rak'ah prayer. It is mentioned in some hadiths that one offers six rak'ahs of recommended prayers as such prayers have great significance/reward.
For a person who wants to perform hajj, it is recommended that he does not cut his hair in the month of Dhul-Qa‘dah.
- 3) makrūh acts of iḥrām
3) makrūh acts of iḥrām
Issue 158: Iḥrām with black, dirty and striped dresses is makrūh. It is better to wear white colour in state of iḥrām.
Likewise, it is makrūh to sleep on a yellow mattress or sleeps putting yellow pillow under one's head in state of iḥrām. Using henna before wearing iḥrām, in case its color would remain until wearing iḥrām, is also makrūh. It is also makrūh to say 'labbayk' in response to someone’s calling. Taking ghusl and rubbing the body with rough cloth is also considered makrūh.
- 4) prohibited acts of iḥrām
- RULINGS FOR FORBIDDEN ACTS OF IḤRĀM
- Rules of kaffārah
- Going toward the Holy city of Mecca
Going toward the Holy city of Mecca
Issue 271: After wearing iḥrām in mīqāt, pilgrims move towards the holy city of Mecca to perform other rites of ‘umrah.
Issue 272: Before entering into the holy city of Mecca, the boundary of the Holy Ḥaram begins. Entry to the Holy Ḥaram and holy city of Mecca and Masjid ul-Ḥarām is accompanied by a huge collection of supplications, prayers and etiquettes. We would like to mention some of them below. The person intending to act upon all recommended acts should refer to the detailed books regarding this subject.
- SUPPLICATION UPON ENTERING ḤARAM AREA
Supplication upon Entering Ḥaram Area
Issue 273: At the time of entering Ḥaram, it is recommended to supplicate with this supplication:
"اللهمَّ اِنَّکَ قُلتَ فِی کِتَابِکَ و قَولُکَ الحَقُّ: {وَ أَذِّن فِی النَّاسِ بِالحَجِّ یَأتُوکَ رِجالاً وَ علی کُلِّ ضامِرٍ یَأتِینَ مِن کُلِّ فَجٍّ عَمِیقٍ} اَللهمَّ وَ انِّی اَرجُو اَن اَکونَ مِمَّن اَجَابَ دَعوَتَکَ، وَ قَد جِئتُ مِن شُقَّةٍ بَعِیدةٍ وَ فَجٍّ عَمِیق سَامِعاً لِنِدَائِکَ وَ مُستَجِیباً لَکَ مُطِیعاً لِأمرِکَ وَ کُلُّ ذَلِکَ بِفَضلِکَ عَلَیَّ وَ اِحسَانِکَ إلیَّ فَلَکَ الحَمدُ مَا وَفَّقتَنِی لهُ أبتَغِی بِذلِکَ الزُّلفَةَ عِندَکَ وَ القُربَةَ اِلَیکَ وَ المَنزِلَةَ لَدَیکَ وَ المَغفِرَةَ لِذُنُوبی وَ التَّوبَةَ عَلَیَّ منها بِمَنِّکَ، اَللهمَّ صَلِّ علَی مُحَمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَ حَرِّم بَدَنِی علَی النَّارِ وَ آمِنِّی مِن عَذَابِکَ وَ عِقَابِکَ بِرَحمَتِکَ یَا أرحَمَ الرَّاحِمِینَ"
Oh Allah! You have said in Your revealed Book and Your words are true "And proclaim among men the Pilgrimage: they will come to you on foot and on every lean camel, coming from every remote path."
Oh Allah! I hope that I am among those who have responded to Your call. I came from a far region after I heard your call responding to Your request and obeying Your command. All that is by the bounty You gave me and by beneficence You conferred upon me. All praise belongs to You alone for what You favored me to achieve and by which I aspire to be in Your proximity and closeness, have a position before You and be forgiven by You for my sins due to the favor I owe you. O Allah! Bless Muhammad and his Household and make my body forbidden for the Fire, make me safe from Your chastisement and punishment with Your mercy, Oh Most Merciful of the Merciful!
- The MustaḤabb acts of entering in the Holy Masjid ul-Ḥarām
The MustaḤabb acts of entering in the Holy Masjid ul-Ḥarām
Issue 274: The main acts recommended upon entering Masjid ul-Ḥarām are as follows:
1- It is mustaḥabb for a mukallaf to take ghusl for entering the Masjid ul-Ḥarām.
2- It is mustaḥabb to supplicate with the supplications specifically mentioned for this purpose.
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- Chapter three Ṭawāf and its prayer
- Chapter four sa‘y between Safā and Marvah
- Chapter five taqsīr
Chapter five taqsīr[1]
Issue 362: Taqsīr is the fifth obligations of ‘umrah.
Issue 363: It is obligatory for a person to perform taqsīr after finishing sa‘y. Taqsīr involves cutting some strands of the hair from head, beard, mustache, or alternatively one may cut a nail of hand or foot.
Issue 364: Taqsīr, like other rituals is an act of worship in ‘umrah. So, it is obligatory that one should make intention just as intention for iḥrām is made.
Issue 365: Shaving head is not sufficient to exit the state of iḥrām in ‘umrah tamattu‘. One must perform taqsīr so as to free oneself from state of ‘umrah tamattu‘. If a person shaves his head purposely and knowingly before rite of taqsīr, it is not sufficient and he must pay kaffārah of a sheep. But, if he has entered iḥrām for ‘umrah mufradah, he can choose between shaving head and doing taqsīr.
Issue 366: Plucking hair is not sufficient to exit iḥrām of ‘umrah tamattu‘; one should perform taqsīr as mentioned. If he plucks his hair instead of taqsīr deliberately and knowingly, it is not sufficient. Moreover, he has to pay kaffārah for it.
Issue 367: If a person plucks his hair instead of doing taqsīr unknowingly and then performs hajj, his ‘umrah is void and the performed hajj will be considered as hajj ifrād. If hajj was obligatory for him, on the basis of obligatory caution, he should perform ‘umrah mufradah after performing the rites of hajj and the next year, he has to perform ‘umrah tamattu‘ and hajj. The same ruling applies to a person who shaved his head instead of taqsīr and then performed hajj unknowingly.
Issue 368: It is not obligatory to do taqsīr directly after performing sa‘y.
Issue 369: If a person does not perform the act of taqsīr deliberately or ignorantly and without it he wears iḥrām for hajj, his ‘umrah would be void and his hajj would be considered as hajj ifrād. On the basis of obligatory caution, he should perform ‘umrah mufradah after performing hajj and if his hajj was obligatory, he should perform ‘umrah and hajj the next year.
Issue 370: If a person neglects taqsīr inadvertently and wears iḥrām for hajj, his iḥrām would be valid as well as his ‘umrah and hajj, and kaffārah is not obligatory for him. However, it is mustaḥabb to slaughter a sheep or goat as kaffārah. Rather, it is a caution not to neglect paying kaffarāh.
Issue 371: After performing taqsīr and exiting the state of iḥrām of ‘umrah tamattu‘, every forbidden thing in state of iḥrām becomes ḥalāl including intercourse with one’s spouse.
Issue 372: Ṭawāf of nisā’ is not obligatory in ‘umrah tamattu‘. On the basis of caution, it is better to perform ṭawāf of nisā’ followed by its prayer with the hope of reward before taqsīr.
However, if one wore iḥrām with the intention of ‘umrah mufradah, they after the taqsīr or ḥalq should perform ṭawāf of nisā’ and its prayer and only after that their spouse will be ḥalāl for them.
The manner and rulings of ṭawāf of nisā’ are similar to those of ṭawāf of ‘umrah which have been discussed already.
Issue 373: Apparently, one should perform ṭawāf of nisā’ for ‘umrah mufradah and hajj separately. For example, if a person performs two ‘umrah mufradahs or a hajj with an ‘umrah mufradah, although it is not remote that one ṭawāf of nisā’ is sufficient to make the wife ḥalāl for him, for the completion of rites he/she should perform two ṭawāfs of nisā’ for two ‘umrahs or for one ‘umrah or one hajj.
[1]. It means cutting some of the hair of head or beard or mustache or to cut a nail of hand or foot.
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- PART THREE PRACTICES OF HAJJ
- INQUIRES OF HAJJ AND ‘UMRAH