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The Rules on Prayer & Fasting 2023

  • Prayer
  • Fasting
    • Conditions and Requirements of Obligatory Fast
    • Obligatory Acts of Fasting
    • Makrūh Acts during a Fast
    • Cases in which Qaḍā’ and Intentional kaffārah Are Obligatory
    • The Kaffārah of Breaking Fast Intentionally
    • Cases in which Only Qaḍā’ of Fasting Is Obligatory
    • Rulings of Qaḍā’ Fast
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      Rulings of Qaḍā’ Fast

       

      912. A person, who has been unconscious or in a coma for one or more days and missed some obligatory fasts, does not need to make up for the fasts of those days.
      913. A person who missed some fast(s) due to being drunk, e.g. he did not intend fasting, even if he had fasted for the whole day, his fasting is not valid and its qaḍā’ is obligatory.
      914. A person who intends to fast but gets drunk and remains like that for the whole or a part of the day, he must, by obligatory caution, make up for this fast, especially in case of severe drunkenness which causes loss of reason.
      915. In the previous two issues, it does not matter whether it is ḥarām for him to consume intoxicating substance or it is not ḥarām due to an illness or as he does not know that it is intoxicating.
      916. If a woman misses some fasts due to menstruation or childbirth, she must make up for them after the month of Ramadan.
      917. If a person does not fast during the month of Ramadan due to an illness, menstruation, or postpartum bleeding (nifās) and dies before the end of Ramadan, it is not necessary for others to make up these fasts on his/her behalf.
      918. A person who has not fasted several days of Ramadan due to an excuse but does not know how many fasts he has missed, then if he does not know its beginning, e.g. he does not know whether he went on a journey on the twenty-fifth of Ramadan, so that he missed six fasts, or it was on the twenty-sixth and he missed five days, he can make up for the smaller number of the days.
      But if he knows when it started, for example, he knows that he started his journey on the fifth day of the month, but he does not know whether he returned at night before the tenth and he missed five days or he returned at night before the 11th and has missed six fasts, in this case, he must fast for the bigger number of days.
      919. If someone has missed fasts in several months of Ramadan, then it is correct to take qaḍā’ of each one first, but if the time for qaḍā’ of the last month of Ramadan is too short, such as if he missed five fasts in the last month of Ramadan and after five days next Ramadan starts, in this case, at first he must make up for the fasts of the last Ramadan as qaḍā’ by obligatory caution.
      920. A person who makes up for a fast he missed during the last month of Ramadan may break his fast before ẓuhr if there is enough time to observe it before the next Ramadan. However, if there is no enough time, i.e. it remains just several days before the next Ramadan which equal the number of fast he missed during the last Ramadan, he is not to break his fast even before ẓuhr by caution.
      921. A person who is making up for a qaḍā’ fast he missed during Ramadan, if he intentionally breaks his fast after ẓuhr, he must give food to ten poor people, and if he cannot, he must fast for three days.
      922. If one owes qaḍā’ of several months of Ramadan and he does not specify in his intention which fast he takes, then it is considered as the qaḍā’ of the first year.
      923. If somebody does not fast in Ramadan for an excuse (like an illness or a travel) but before the next Ramadan they become able to fast, they should make up for this missed fasts in qaḍā’.
      924. If someone does not fast in Ramadan due to being ill and their illness continues till the next Ramadan, they are not required to make up for these missed Ramadan fasts in qaḍā’ but they must give one mudd (750 gm.) food to the needy for each day.
      925. If a person does not fast during the month of Ramadan due to an illness, and after the month of Ramadan, his illness is cured, but he immediately faces another excuse and is unable to perform qaḍā’ of the fasts until the next month of Ramadan, he must make up those fasts as qaḍā’ in the following years.
      Also, if he has an excuse other than illness during the month of Ramadan and it is resolved after the month of Ramadan, but he cannot fast until the next month of Ramadan due to illness, then he must make up for these fasts.
      926. A person who has missed some fasts during the month of Ramadan due to travel, if he continues to travel until the next month of Ramadan, the qaḍā’ of the previous Ramadan will not be waived and he must fulfill it later. By mustaḥabb caution, he is to pay kaffārah of delay as well.
      927. If due to physical weakness one is unable to fast in the month of Ramadan nor to make up for it until next Ramadan, the qaḍā’ will not be waived, and he should perform the qaḍā’ whenever he can. Likewise, someone who has not fasted for several years, has repented and decided to make them up is obligated to make up for all the fasts he missed. If he is unable to do so, the qaḍā’ of the fasts remains obligatory for him.

       

    • Kaffārah of Delay
    • The Rulings on Qaḍā’ of One's Parent's Missed Prayers/Fasts
    • Rulings on a Traveler's Fast
    • People for Whom Fast Is not Obligatory
    • Way of Ascertaining the First of a Lunar Month
    • Types of Fasting
    • Conclusion: Fasting Etiquettes and these of the Holy Month of Ramadan
    • I‘tikāf
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